Compatibility

Making a required member optional

It's totally fine to make a required member optional by changing the type from T to Option<T> or by adding #[builder(default)] to it.

This is because both required and optional members have a setter that accepts T (not wrapped in an Option). The only change to the public API when making the required member optional is that a maybe_-prefixed setter is added to the builder. That new method accepts an Option<T>.

Example:

Suppose you have a function with a required argument, and there is existing code that sets that required argument using builder syntax.

use bon::builder;

#[builder]
fn get_page(password: String) -> String {
    format!("Secret knowledge")
}

// Existing code that uses the builder API
let page = get_page()
    .password("I know the password!")
    .call();
assert_eq!(page, "Secret knowledge");

Then you change this function to take an Option<T>. This is totally fine, the old code that sets that parameter to T still compiles:

use bon::builder;

#[builder]
fn get_page(password: Option<String>) -> String { 
    format!("Secret knowledge")
}

// Existing code that uses the builder API (unchanged, still compiles)
let page = get_page()
    .password("I know the password!")
    .call();
assert_eq!(page, "Secret knowledge");

// Now this code can also pass `Option<T>`, including `None` to the function
// using the new `maybe_password` method.
get_page()
    .maybe_password(Some("password"))
    .call();

Switching between Option<T> and #[builder(default)]

Switching between Option<T> for the member type and #[builder(default)] on T is fully compatible. Nothing changes in the builder API when this happens.

Example:

use bon::builder;

#[builder]
fn example(filter: Option<String>) {}

example().maybe_filter(Some("filter")).call();

This code can be changed to use #[builder(default)] and the call site will still compile:

use bon::builder;

#[builder]
fn example(
    #[builder(default)]    
    filter: Option<String> 
    filter: String
) {}

example.maybe_filter(Some("filter")).call();

Marking member as unused with a leading _

You may add _ prefix to the member name to mark it as unused for the time being. The builder API won't change if you do that. Leading underscores are stripped from the setter names automatically.

Example:

Struct

use bon::builder;

#[builder]
struct Example {
    _name: String
}

Example::builder()
    .name("The setter is still called `name`")
    .build();

Free function

use bon::builder;

#[builder]
fn example(
    _name: String
) {}

example()
    .name("The setter is still called `name`")
    .call();

Associated method

use bon::{bon, builder};

struct Example;

#[bon]
impl Example {
    #[builder]
    fn example(_name: String) {}
}

Example::example()
    .name("The setter is still called `name`")
    .call();

Moving #[builder] from the struct to the new() method

#[builder] on a struct generates builder API that is fully compatible with placing #[builder] on the new() method with the signature similar to struct's fields.

This means, for example, it's preferable to place the #[builder] attribute on top of your struct in most cases because it's convenient. However, if you need to have some custom logic during the construction of your type, you may simply create a new() method annotated with #[builder] where you can do anything you want to create an instance of your type.

To keep your struct's public API compatible with the time when #[builder] was on the struct directly, the new() method must accept the same parameters as there were fields in the struct.

Example:

use bon::bon;

// Previously we used `#[builder]` on the struct
#[builder] 
struct User {
    // But then we decided to change the internal representation
    // of the `id` field to use `String` instead of `u32`
    id: u32,                                                     
    id: String,                                                  
    name: String,
}

// To preserve compatibility we need to define a `new()` method with `#[builder]`
// that still accepts `u32` for `id` member.
#[bon]                                      
impl User {                                 
    #[builder]                              
    fn new(id: u32, name: String) -> Self { 
        Self {                              
            id: format!("u-{id}"),          
            name,                           
        }                                   
    }                                       
}                                           

// The caller's code didn't change. It still uses `u32` for `id` member.
let user = User::builder()
    // `id` is still accepted as a `u32` here
    .id(1)
    .name("Bon")
    .build();

Adding #[builder] to existing code

If your existing code defines functions with positional parameters in its public API that you'd like to change to use builder syntax, but you want to keep the old code compatible with the positional functions API, then you may use #[builder(expose_positional_fn)] attribute to keep both syntaxes available.

See this attribute's docs for details.

Example:

use bon::builder;

// The previous name of the positional function needs to be specified
// as the value for `expose_positional_fn`.
#[builder(expose_positional_fn = example)] 
fn example(x: u32, y: u32) {}              
fn example_builder(x: u32, y: u32) {}      

// The positional function is now available under the specified (old) name
example(1, 2);

// The builder syntax is also available under the new function name
example_builder()
    .x(1)
    .y(2)
    .call();